How Did Life Begin?

Targeted therapies for lung cancer: how did the game begin?

Landmark studies on genetic alterations underlying NSCLC have led to tailored therapies http://ow.ly/4nq0Ps.

How did life survive Earth's great oxygenation?

Life on Earth originated and evolved in anoxic environments. Around 2.4 billion-years-ago, ancestors of Cyanobacteria invented oxygenic photosynthesis, producing substantial amounts of O2 as a byproduct of phototrophic water oxidation. The sudden appearance of O2 would have led to significant oxidative stress due to incompatibilities with core cellular biochemical processes. Here we examine thi...

On the Origins of the United Nations: When and How Did it Begin?

Mars , Panspermia , and the Origin of Life : Where Did It All Begin ?

During the nineteenth century, when steadystate cosmological theories were in vogue, Lord Kelvin, Svante Arrhenius, and other eminent scientists believed that the transfer of life from one planet to another was a process made inevitable by the infinite extent and duration of the universe. This hypothesis, known as panspermia, subsequently fell out of favor, partly as a result of the acceptance ...

When and how did plate tectonics begin? Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipati...